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Table 3 Technical efficiency frontier model results

From: Effect of maize cluster farming on smallholder farmers’ technical efficiency: evidence from Southern Ethiopia

Direct inputs (Xi)

Coefficient

St. Error

Constant

0.342***

0.07

Land

0.469***

0.097

Seed

0.0272

0.09

Fertilizer

0.220***

0.06

Oxen

− 0.00844

0.05

Labor

0.248***

0.05

0.5 land2

0.332

0.28

0.5 seed2

0.228

0.31

0.5fertilizer2

0.0907**

0.05

0.5oxen2

− 0.0827

0.09

0.5 labor2

− 0.0634

0.05

Land x seed

− 0.365

0.26

Land x fertilizer

− 0.00929

0.15

Land x oxen

− 0.114

0.16

Land x labor

0.170

0.14

Seed x fertilizer

− 0.0543

0.12

Seed x oxen

0.235

0.14

Seed x labor

− 0.0400

0.14

Fertilizer x oxen

− 0.0982

0.06

Fertilizer x labor

0.0855

0.05

Oxen x labor

− 0.0772

0.05

Inefficiency effects component of the frontier model

Constant

0.175

1.29

Socioeconomic and institutional factors (z i )

Cluster

− 0.484**

0.24

Sex

− 0.660

0.42

Age

0.0236

0.06

Age2

− 0.000106

0.0006

Education

0.0507

0.03

Extension contacts

− 0.0424

0.03

Oxen ownership

− 0.427**

0.15

Income

− 0.028***

0.006

Vsigma

− 1.788***

0.15

Estimated parameters

  

σu

0.61

 

σv

0.41***

 

337.0535

(0.03) Log likelihood = -

 
  1. SE standard error
  2. *, **, and *** are significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% probability levels, respectively