Table 1 Variable definitions and their respective measurements
Variables | Variable definitions and measurement units |
|---|---|
Output (Yi) | Quantity of maize output produced in kilograms (kg) |
Direct inputs ( X i ) | |
Land | Land area in hectares (ha) |
Seed | Quantity of seed used in kilograms (kg) |
Oxen | Oxen draught power used (oxen-days) |
Labor | Quantity of labor used for production (person-days) |
Fertilizer | Quantity of chemical fertilizers (NPS and Urea) in kilograms (kg) |
Socioeconomic and institutional factors (Z i ) | |
Sex | 1 = if a respondent household head is male, 0 otherwise |
Cluster | 1 = if household produced in the cluster, 0 otherwise |
Age | Age of the household head in years |
Education | Education of the household head in years of schooling |
Ox | Number of oxen owned by farm household |
Credit | 1 = if a household had access to credit, 0 otherwise |
Income | The total annual income of a household measured in thousands of Birr |
Extension contacts | The frequency of extension contacts during maize production |