Table 4 Chemical analysis of the brewery wastewater irrigated and control soils

pH

7.55 ± 0.10^ns

7.89 ± 0.04^ns

7.82 ± 0.10^ns

7.89 ± 0.13^ns

7.98 ± 0.15^ns

EC (dS m⁻¹)

0.32 ± 0.00^d

0.43 ± 0.00^d

0.62 ± 0.01^c

0.80 ± 0.01^b

1.15 ± 0.08^a

Organic carbon (%)

0.48 ± 0.00^d

0.51 ± 0.00^cd

0.55 ± 0.01^bc

0.60 ± 0.01^ab

0.64 ± 0.02^a

Available N (kg ha⁻¹⁾

118 ± 0.59^c

140 ± 0.43^b

146 ± 0.74^b

157 ± 1.09^ab

168 ± 1.04^a

Available P (kg ha⁻¹⁾

16.3 ± 0.0^d

20.5 ± 0.06^c

22.0 ± 0.11^c

24.5 ± 0.17^b

26.9 ± 0.17^a

Available K (kg ha⁻¹⁾

186 ± 0.94^ns

184 ± 0.56^ns

181 ± 0.91^ns

178 ± 0.25^ns

189 ± 1.17^ns

Exchangeable Ca (cmol (p⁺) kg⁻¹)

4.30 ± 0.06^b

4.70 ± 0.02^ab

4.90 ± 0.06^a

5.10 ± 0.08^a

5.00 ± 0.04^a

Exchangeable Mg (cmol (p⁺) kg⁻¹)

0.30 ± 0.00^d

0.40 ± 0.00^d

0.8 ± 0.01^c

1.30 ± 0.02^b

1.50 ± 0.04^a

Exchangeable Na (cmol (p⁺) kg⁻¹)

0.35 ± 0.00¹

0.70 ± 0.00^c

0.89 ± 0.01^b

1.07 ± 0.02^a

1.15 ± 0.03^a

Soil CEC (cmol (p⁺) kg⁻¹)

5.27 ± 0.07^c

6.00 ± 0.03^c

6.91 ± 0.09^b

7.69 ± 0.13ab

7.94 ± 0.15^a

SAR